TECHNICAL ISO/IEC TR REPORT 24722 Secondedition 2015-12-15 Information technology Biometrics Multimodal and other multibiometric fusion Technologies de I'information Biométrie-Fusion multimodale et autre fusion multibiometrique Reference number IS0/IECTR24722:2015(E) IEC ISO @ IS0/IEC 2015 IS0/IEC TR24722:2015(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT @ IS0/IEC 2015, Published in Switzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 . CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +4122 749 09 47 [email protected] www.iso.org @ IS0/IEC 2015 - All rights reserved Copvriaht Inte IS0/IECTR24722:2015(E) Contents Page Foreword ..iv Introduction. ..V 1 Scope. ..1 2 Terms and definitions ..1 3 Overview of multimodal and other multibiometric systems .3 3.1 General .3 3.2 Simultaneous and sequential presentation .5 General multibiometric system model .5 3.2.1 3.2.2 Simultaneous presentation .5 3.2.3 Sequential presentation. .6 3.3 Correlation 6 4 Levels of combination 7 4.1 Overview 7 4.2 Decision-level fusion 6 4.2.1 Simple decision-level fusion .9 4.2.2 Advanced decision-level fusion. 9 4.3 Score-level fusion 11 4.3.1 Overview. 11 4.3.2 Score normalization. .11 4.3.3 Score fusion methods. ..14 4.4 Feature-level fusion. .17 5 Characterisation data for multibiometric systems .17 5.1 Overview... ..17 5.2 Use of characterisation data in normalisation and fusion 17 Bibliography .19 @isn sndadatin- All rights reserved iii